Chemical Composition Of Essential Oil Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrosols from Oregano, Sage and Pennyroyal against Oral Pathogens

In this study, the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum Lamiaceae, (oregano), Salvia officinalis Lamiaceae (sage), Mentha pulegium Lamiaceae (pennyroyal), and respective hydrosols (HSs) has been investigated by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was assessed against two oral pathogens: Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans and the fungus Candida albicans by determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). Three-fold diluted solutions were dispensed into each well of a 96-well microtiter plate and, after incubation, MIC was determined by visual monitoring. The MBC/MFC was determined by transferring a small quantity of sample contained in each replicate well of the microtiter plates to appropriate culture media using a microplate replicator. The EOs of the tested herbs showed antimicrobial properties, especially the EO oil of O. vulgare, which exerted the highest antimicrobial activity. HSs of S. officinalis and M. pulegium exerted no antimicrobial activity, in contrast to oregano HS, which displayed strong antimicrobial activity. In all cases, a higher number of compounds were detected in EOs than in the corresponding HSs. The major compounds of sage EO were detected to be α-thujone (25.1%), 1,8-cineole (15.8%) and β-pinene (10.0%), while the HS was characterized by the presence of 1,8-cineole (32.6%), borneol (22.6%) and α-thujone (22.4%). Pennyroyal EO and HS consists mainly of pulegone (62.1 and 50.6%, respectively). Carvacrol was the major component present in EO (63%) and HS (97.3%) of oregano, probably contributing to the antimicrobial activity. Further research is needed in order to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanisms of specific compounds present in essential oils and hydrosols of Lamiaceae grown in Greece against oral pathogens.

Paeonia mascula subsp. russoi (biv.) Cullen & Heywood: the chemical composition of the aerial parts essential oils of two different populations collected in Sicily (Italy)

In the present study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of two populations of Paeonia mascula subsp. russoi, collected in Sicily, was evaluated by GC–MS. No previously phytochemical investigation has been reported for this subspecies. The main components of the essential oil of the population with pink flowers were salicylaldehyde (34.31%), nonanal (16.95%) and 2-hexenal (10.17%), whereas essential oil of the population with white flowers, was shown to be rich of myrtanal (14.14%), eugenol (14.02%) and salicylaldehyde (12.21%). Furthermore, a complete literature review, not present in literature, on the composition of the essential oils of all the other taxa of Paeonia, studied so far, was performed. PCA and HCA analyses of the composition of essential oils obtained from the aerial parts were also carried out.

A critical review on Pulicaria species occurring in Qatar: traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities

AbstractIn Qatar, three main species of Pulicaria (from Asteraceae) such as Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey, Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. and Pulicaria sicula (L.) Moris are reported. Traditionally, these species have almost the same ethnomedical uses, including their use as herbal tea. This could be because of morphological similarities among some of these species, which also results in taxonomic ambiguity. Altogether, this indicates that these species need to be reviewed comparatively, to understand the phytochemical uniqueness and therapeutic significance of each species individually, including species differentiation at the subspecies level. Hence, this review aims to comparatively review the available literature about traditional uses, phytochemistry, and bio-activities of these species. Being aromatic plants, the chemical composition of essential oils of these species has been extensively studied and reported over 300 volatile organic compounds. Among these, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are dominant. The diverse and distinguishable composition of essential oils can differentiate P. undulata and Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) Oliv. (Synonyme: Pulicaria undulata subsp. undulata). Likewise, flavonoids and sesquiterpenes are the most reported classes of compounds in non-essential oil fractions. Various biological and pharmacological activities are reported to the essential oils, crude extracts, and their fractions, or isolated compounds of these species. Among these, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-oxidant activities were mostly investigated, mainly under in vitro conditions. Several distinguishable compounds are listed for each species that can potentially be used as chemical markers while characterizing these species. Most of the traditional claims of these species are validated in recent scientific studies. However, further detailed in vivo clinical interventions are needed for their potential use as therapeutic agents.

Biopesticide potential of Anisomeles indica Kuntze leaf essential oil and its nanoemulsion against bacterial blight - Xanthomonas strains

The objective of this study was to examine the chemical composition of essential oil A. indica leaves and its nanoemulsion, and evaluation of potential for use as a biopesticide. Essential oil of A. indica extracted from fresh leaves was found to be 99.97% composed of 59 components, according to GC-MS analysis. A non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 and the essential oil of A. indica were combined to create a stable nanoemulsion using sonication method. A long durable stable nanoemulsion was obtained after thirty minutes of sonication, and it was examined using TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), DLS (Dynamic light scattering), and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analyses. To consider its practical applications, other factors such as stability, viscosity, pH, turbidity, and creaming index were also investigated. Antibacterial properties of essential oil and nanoemulsion were evaluated against bacterial blight plant pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas citri. The MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) was determined using the broth microdilution method, and the anti-Xanthomonas activity was assessed utilizing by agar disc diffusion method. Using the crystal violet (CV) technique, inhibition of biofilm formation and development were evaluated. Disturbance of bacterial membrane permeability was confirmed by estimating the proteins and nucleic acids (DNA, and RNA) leakage from the cell membrane. Greenhouse studies using rice/paddy plants were conducted to demonstrate the antibacterial potential of essential oil and nanoemulsion, using RNR-15048 rice cultivar by seed treatment and foliar spray groups. Results of the investigations suggest that, when the essential oil was transformed into a nanoemulsion, its antibacterial effect against bacteria was significantly increased, that might be attributed to the essential oil enhanced ability to penetrate the bacterial cells. Essential oil of A. indica and its nanoemulsion reduced rice bacterial blight disease by 84%and pathogen-virulence by 92%, and promoted the growth and development of rice/paddy seedlings. These results confirm that A. indica essential oil and its nanoemulsion possess anti-bacterial blight properties, without affecting growth and development of host plants. Essential oil of A. indica and its nanoemulsion could be used as biopesticide to control Xanthomonas induced bacterial blight diseases in crop plants either by using for seed treatment or as a foliar spray.

Сравнительный анализ составов масла Nigella sativa (черный тмин) из Сирии и Пакистана методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии

This article presents an analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil from Nigella sativa L. from Pakistan and Syria. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), oil components from both countries were identified and analyzed in detail. The results showed unsignificant differences in the content of chemical components between cumin oil from Pakistan and Syria. The essential oil from Pakistan showed increased content of palmitic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (linoleic acid, methyl ester), while the essential oil from Syria contains more heptadecanoic acid and oleic acid. These results suggest that location influences the chemical composition of cumin oil, which has important implications for its medicinal and culinary uses. The study also revealed the presence of a number of other components, including -thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, o-cymene, m-menthane-6,8-diene, limonene, γ-terpinene, cis-4-methoxytujane, longifolene, methyltetradecanoate, and many others, which can have a variety of biological effects. These results provide important data for the scientific community and industries involved in the production and use of cumin oil. Knowing the differences in oil composition depending on its origin helps to optimize production and expand the possibilities for its medicinal and culinary use. The results Е.М. Сүлеймен, Р.Н. Сүлеймен, Б.М. Айкешев 104 Вестник Карагандинского университета of this study provide a valuable basis for future research into the biochemistry and medicinal uses of cumin oil

Essential oil production, chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris as affected by harvesting season and drying conditions

In this study, the effects of seven distinct were assessed in two harvesting seasons (spring and autumn) on the essential oil (EO) content, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and volatile compounds of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). The drying methods tested included sun-drying, shade-drying, freeze-drying (FD), oven drying at 40 °C (OV40) and 70 °C (OV70), and microwave 360 W (MW360) and 720 W (MW720). The analysis of essential oils facilitated the identification of numerous compounds, 18 of which accounted for approximately 64.94% to 67.84% of the total thyme EO compounds. Six significant compounds were investigated, including thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, carvacrol, linalool, and borneol. The results demonstrated that the thyme samples harvested in spring possessed higher amounts of γ-terpinene, thymol, carvacrol, EO content, and TFC, while samples harvested in autumn exhibited the highest amounts of borneol, p-cymene, TPC, and higher antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) findings revealed that thyme samples harvested in spring, dried in the sun, shade, and FD conditions were rich in EO content, γ-terpinene. The samples dried in MW720, OV40, and FD conditions possessed the highest amounts of thymol, carvacrol, and TFC. Drying the samples under MW360, OV40, and FD indicated significantly higher TPC and linalool. Drying the autumn-harvested samples under the sun and shade also exhibited higher linalool and TFC than other methods. Overall, the results conclusively indicated that the harvesting season and drying conditions significantly affected bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and EO production and quality. Such findings may add value to the product at the producers’ levels to produce more quality thyme depending on the harvesting season.

The essential oil composition of Phlomis bovei subsp. maroccana Maire, an endemic species of Morocco

Phlomis L. is a genus belonging to the Lamiaceae family, distributed in Macaronesia, the Mediterranean basin, Northeast Africa, Central Asia, and Western Himalaya. Plants of this genus are used against various diseases in the ethno-medicine of several countries and some of them are also utilised for culinary purposes. In the present study, the essential oil chemical composition of the aerial parts of Phlomis bovei subsp. maroccana Maire, an endemic species of Morocco, was analysed by GC-MS. No previous paper has been previously published on this taxon. Main constituents of the essential oil were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (44.48%) with curcumene (11.20%), a very rare compound in Phlomis essential oils, β-himachalene (6.22%), and β-cedrene (3.81%) as principal metabolites. 1-hexadecanol (7.75%) and 1-octadecanol (5.32%) were the main constituents among the alcohols (19.66%). A comparison with all the other essential oils from Phlomis taxa has been carried out.

Assessment of the genetic diversity of Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (Lamiaceae) based on morpho-agronomic markers and chemical composition of essential oils

Assessment of the genetic diversity of Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (Lamiaceae) based on morpho-agronomic markers and chemical composition of essential oils

Essential oils from Mediterranean aromatic plants Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia absinthium and Mentha longifolia to improve blueberry shelf life

The Mediterranean Basin is particularly rich in aromatic plants with essential oils whose composition and properties are still to be investigated. The aims of this work were to: investigate the chemical composition of essential oils from three typical Spanish aromatic species: Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia absinthium and Mentha longifolia; evaluate the antifungal potential of essential oils against seven plant pathogenic and postharvest fungi; analyse the effectiveness of the Mentha longifolia essential oil in extending the blueberry fruit shelf life. The main compounds for the Artemisia herba-alba essential oil were camphor (29.8%), trans-thujone (22%), 1,8-cineole (14.5%) and cis-thujone (10.8%). In the A. absithium essential oil, they were cis-cryshanthemyl acetate (35.4%), cis-β-epoxiocimene (36%) and trans-β-epoxiocimene (10.4%). α-Terpineol acetate (32.6%), pulegone (14.2%) and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone (10.3%) were the most important molecules in the obtained composition of the Mentha longifolia essential oil. Different bioassays were performed at the 300 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL doses using the distinct essential oils in potato dextrose agar culture medium. The Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia absinthium essential oils at 300 μg/mL were not very effective. The Mentha longifolia essential oil strongly inhibited mycelial growth at the two tested doses, but it totally inhibited the growth of Curvularia hawaiiensis, Fusarium nygamai and Verticilliun dahliae at 600 μg/mL. The blueberries coated with the Mentha longifolia essential oil solution obtained a statistically higher percentage of healthy fruit than the control. They could be considered an ecofriendly alternative for postharvest treatment, and for maintaining the quality and turgidity of these berries during storage.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Natural Populations of Artemisia scoparia Collected at Different Altitudes: Antibacterial, Mosquito Repellent, and Larvicidal Effects.

The current study aimed to evaluate the presence of chemical variations in essential oils (EOs) extracted from Artemisia scoparia growing at different altitudes and to reveal their antibacterial, mosquito larvicidal, and repellent activity. The gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of A. scoparia EOs revealed that the major compounds were capillene (9.6-31.8%), methyleugenol (0.2-26.6%), β-myrcene (1.9-21.4%), γ-terpinene (1.5-19.4%), trans-β-caryophyllene (0.8-12.4%), and eugenol (0.1-9.1%). The EO of A. scoparia collected from the city of Attock at low elevation was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration of 156-1250 µg/mL) and showed the best mosquito larvicidal activity (LC50, 55.3 mg/L). The EOs of A. scoparia collected from the high-altitude areas of Abbottabad and Swat were the most repellent for females of Ae. aegypti and exhibited repellency for 120 min and 165 min, respectively. The results of the study reveal that different climatic conditions and altitudes have significant effects on the chemical compositions and the biological activity of essential oils extracted from the same species.

The chemical composition of the aerial parts’ essential oil of matthiola fruticulosa (L.) maire growing in Sicily, Italy

Matthiola Aiton is a genus belonging to the Brassicaceae family, distributed in Macaronesia, the Mediterranean basin, and the Saharo-Sindian region. Plants of this genus are used against various diseases in the ethno-medicine of several countries and a complete review of their usage has been carried out in this paper. In the present study, the essential oil chemical composition of the aerial parts of the Sicilian accession of Matthiola fruticulosa (L.) Maire, a species growing in South-Western Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia, was analysed by GC and GC–MS. No previous paper has been previously published on the essential oil of this species. Main constituents of the oil were sulphur compounds (45.5%) with the two quite rare cis and trans isomers of 5-(methylthio)-4-pentenenitrile as principal metabolites (16.3% and 10.7%, respectively). Principal compound of the oil was the diterpene phytol (16.5%) whereas other terpenoids were less abundant (10.6%).

Susceptibility Patterns in Staphylococcus and Klebsiella Causing Nosocomial Infections upon Treatment with E-Anethole-Rich Essential Oil from Clausena anisata

High rates of resistance to antibiotics are associated with healthcare-related infections, thus demonstrating the urgent need for effective antimicrobials against these maladies. The present study aims to determine the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) from Clausena anisata leaves and evaluate their antibacterial activity against selected nosocomial bacteria. To this end, one kilogram (1 kg) of fresh leaves of C. anisata was washed and boiled with 500 mL of distilled water for 2−4 h using a Clevenger apparatus. The oil was then collected in an Erlenmeyer, dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate, bottled in a tinted glass bottle and refrigerated at 4 °C before analysis. Next, the as-prepared oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil was further tested against a panel of selected nosocomial bacteria, including Staphylococcus and Klebsiella species, among others, by microdilution using a resazurin assay to determine the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs, respectively). As a result, 0.77% of EO was extracted from fresh leaves of C. anisata. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the as-prepared essential oil contained E-anethole (70.77%), methyl isoeugenol (13.85%), estragole (4.10%), γ-terpinene (3.33%), myrcene (2.82%) and sabinene (0.77%), with E-anethole being the major constituent. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the EO of C. anisata leaves through gas chromatography. Upon antibacterial testing against selected nosocomial pathogens, the E-anethole-rich essential oil exhibited MIC and MBC values ranging from 3.91 to 125 µg/mL and 7.81 to 125 µg/mL, respectively, indicative of a bactericidal orientation of the plant’s essential oil (MIC/MBC ratio < 4). This novel contribution highlights the scientific validation of the use of C. anisata leaves in the traditional treatment of various infectious diseases. However, toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies, mechanistic bases of the antibacterial action, and in vivo antibacterial experiments of the E-anethole-rich EO of C. anisata should be investigated to successfully use this plant in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Chemical Profiling and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil Isolated from Pistacia Khinjuk Leaves: Insights On GC-MS Analysis and Skin Aging-Relevant Enzymes.

Pistacia khinjuk is a species of flowering plants belonging to family Anacardiaceae, with promising pharmacological activities like antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial. This study aimed to investigate the GC-MS chemical composition of essential oil isolated from Pistaciakhinjuk leaves and its inhibitory properties against aging-relevant enzymes such a collagenase and elastase. The isolated oil showed predominance of β-cadinene (15.34%), γ-amorphene (8.50%), α-cadinol (8.14%), τ-cadinol (7.57%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (5.77%), α-pinene (4.70%), phytol (4.57%), α-muurolene (3.30%), (+)-epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (3.21%), and cubenene (3.16%). Further, it showed remarkable inhibitory activities against collagenase and elastase with IC50 values of 15.61±0.69 and 41.12±2.09 μg/mL, respectively compared to epigallocatechin gallate (IC50=29.52±1.3 μg/mL and 26.86±1.37 μg/mL). as a conclusion, the leaf oil is recommended for topical cosmetic preparations to retard skin aging symptoms such as wrinkles. However, the bioavailability assessment and toxicological profile should be considered in the future studies.

Chemical composition of essential oils isolated from leaves, twigs, and wood of Vietnamese Keteleeria davidiana (C.E.bertrand) Beissn

ABSTRACT Keteleeria davidiana (C.E.Bertrand) Beissn. is a species of conifer native to southern China, Laos and Vietnam. The species has been listed as vulnerable in Vietnam. Essential oil samples have been isolated from leaves, twigs and wood, and their compositions investigated for the first time by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques [GC-FID, GC-MS and13C NMR]. The composition of leaf essential oil was dominated by α-pinene (28.1%), β-pinene (15.8%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (13.8%). Twig essential oil contained mainly α-pinene (37.9%) and β-pinene (24.7%) accompanied by (E)-β-caryophyllene (8.3%) and β-phellandrene (7.5%). Lastly, α-pinene (27.9%), α-terpineol (20.3%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (20.8%) were predominant in wood essential oil.

Comparative study of the chemical composition of the essential oils of the aerial part of Acanthospermum hispidium D.C. 1836 collected in three towns in Ivory Coast

This research work concerns the comparative study of the chemical composition of essential oils from the aerial part of the Acanthospermum hispidium plant collected in three towns in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study is to enhance the value of aromatic and medicinal plants through the chemical analysis of essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus were analysed using several analytical methods, including Ir-GPC, MS-GPC and 13C-NMR. The results indicate that the essential oils of Acanthospermum hispidium are largely dominated by hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (69.2 to 72.9%). The majority compounds identified are (E)-β-caryophyllene (33.3 to 34.9%), α-bisabolol (6.5 to 9.9%), bicyclogermacrene (6, 3 to 9.5%), germacrene D (7.3 to 8.4%), α-pinene (4.6 to 7.9%), β-lemene (3.7 to 4.3%) and α-copaene (2.5 to 3.2%). The co-presence of these compounds with multiple pharmacological properties could justify the use of A. hispidium in traditional medicine in the treatment of various pathologies.
 Keywords: Acanthospermum hispidium, chemical composition, essential oil, Ivory Coast.

Allelopathic Potential and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from the Invasive Plant Acmella radicans

Acmella radicans (Jacquin) R.K. Jansen is a new invasive species recorded in Yunnan Province, China, and little is known about its allelopathic potential and allelochemicals. In this study, the allelopathic effects of the essential oil (EO) of A. radicans on seed germination and seedling growth of four common plants, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Lolium multiflorum, were explored. The results showed that the seed germination index, germination rate, root length, stem length, and biomass of B. napus and B. rapa ssp. chinensis were significantly inhibited at all EO concentrations of A. radicans, but there was a ‘low-promotion and high-inhibition effect’ on the root length of D. sanguinalis and L. multiflorum at low concentrations of 0.5 μL·mL−1 and 0.5–1.0 μL·mL−1, respectively. With increasing concentrations of EO, the inhibition rates of seed germination and seedling growth of four common plants gradually increased, and D. sanguinalis and L. multiflorum were the most inhibited, followed by B. rapa ssp. chinensis, and the least inhibited was B. napus. Thirty-two components were identified using GC–MS, representing 99.07% of the EO in A. radicans. The major components were 2-tridecanone (30.46%), caryophyllene oxide (19.18%), 4,8,11,11-tetramethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undec-3-en-5-ol (7.84%), β-caryophyllene (7.67%), and widdrol (4.7%). Among the compounds we identified, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-tridecanone, γ-cadinene, δ-cadinene, (E)-α-cadinol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, and widdrol have been previously reported as having possible allelopathic effects. Our study was the first to show that A. radicans could potentially release allelochemicals to influence neighboring plants during its invasion and expansion.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil (GC-FID and GC-MS), Phenolic Compounds Content (LC–ESI–MS), and Antioxidant Activity of Eucalyptus marginata Leaves from Northern Tunisia: Effect of Season

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil (GC-FID and GC-MS), Phenolic Compounds Content (LC–ESI–MS), and Antioxidant Activity of Eucalyptus marginata Leaves from Northern Tunisia: Effect of Season

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THYMUS SERPYLLUM L. AND THYMUS MARSCHALLIANUS WILLD. ESSENTIAL OILS BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY DETECTION

Introduction. Plant essential oils are natural sources of the different compounds, the action of which in the macroorganism is determined by their chemical composition, depending on environmental factors, including plant species. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils, obtained from the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus marschallianus Willd. (Lamiaceae). Material and methods. The plant raw materials of Thymus marschallianus were collected in the flowering phase in the Saratov region in June, the plant raw materials of Thymus serpyllum were purchased in the pharmacy network. The essential oils were obtained by Ginsberg’s steam hydrodistillation method. Analysis of their chemical composition was performed by gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Results. The main components of both types of the essential oils were represented by thymol and its isomers, their mass fraction in the essential oil of T. marschallianus is 38.4, in the essential oil of T. serpyllum is 44%. The comparative analysis was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney criterion. Statistically significant differences with 95% probability were established for tricyclic sesquiterpene alkenes, the total content of which in the essential oil of T. marschallianus is 4.73%, in the essential oil of T. serpyllum – 3.59%. Conclusion. According to their chemical composition the essential oils of the mentioned plant species belong to phenolic chemotype and are similar in the major compounds.

Essential Oils of Two Species of Zingiberaceae Family from Vietnam: Chemical Compositions and α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase Inhibitory Effects

The ginger family (Zingiberaceae) is one of the most diverse and abundant families in the plant kingdom in terms of number of species. In terms of chemistry, this is a family of plants containing much essential oil with mainly monoterpene and sesquiterpene derivatives, which has been widely used in medicine, food, and flavor industries. In our series of studies on ginger family plants, the two new species including Wurfbainia schmidtii (K. Schum.) Škorničk. & A.D. Poulsen and Zingiber atroporphyreus Škorničk. & Q.B. Nguyen has been investigated for the first time. This study aimed to identify the chemical compositions of essential oils extracted from the rhizomes and leaves of these two species using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and evaluate their hypoglycemic effects through the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory assays. In terms of chemical composition, in general, the main compounds appearing in the essential oils of both leaves and rhizomes of each species are similar but they are differences in the percentage of the main components, for example, 1,8-cineole is a main component in leaves whereas fenchyl acetate is the main one in rhizomes of W. schmidtii. Several distinctive compounds, in comparison with other members in the genus Zingiber, namely β-pinene, α-pinene, β-elemene, and sabinene, were found in the essential oil of Z. atroporphyreus. Regarding hypoglycemic effects, the essential oils from the two species tested possessed weak α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects. For the first time, this study was designed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the hypoglycemic effect of essential oils distilled from the rhizomes and leaves of two species W. schmidtii and Z. atroporphyreus have been reported, serving as a premise for further systematic research on their phytochemistry and pharmacological effects being conducted.

Seasonal Variations in the Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activities of Wild Lavandula dentata L.

Introduction: Lavandula dentata L. (LD) is a well-known aromatic and medicinal plant celebrated for its abundant essential oil (EO) with applications in aromatherapy, perfumery, and traditional medicine. The chemical composition and biological properties of LD EO can vary based on factors like harvesting period, and cultivation location. Methods: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical composition of LD. EO harvested in different periods (December, April, and July). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were assessed, and in silico analysis included absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity prediction and molecular docking. Results: The December EO exhibited high levels of eucalyptol, while April EO contained notable amounts of β-pinene, pinocarveol, and β-eudesmol. July EO was characterized by β-pinene and myrtenol. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assessments indicated higher activity in December and April, attributed to eucalyptol, L- trans-pinocarveol, and β-eudesmol. Conclusion: The study highlights significant variations in LD EO's chemical composition based on harvesting period, influencing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In silico analysis supports experimental findings, emphasizing the potential therapeutic impact of specific compounds. This integration enhances our understanding of LD EO and its diverse applications.